Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40098187›Full record

ArticleThyroid research2025

The development of thyroid autoimmunity is potentially associated with the deficiency of vitamin D3 rather than vitamin D2 in euthyroid men.

Dongdong Luo, Chenxi Zhang, Bingrui Gao, Deping Wang, Zhaoying Chen, Kan Chen, Bojuan Li, Song Leng, Jing Li

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Thyroid research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Dongdong Luo *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Chenxi Zhang *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Bingrui GaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Deping WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Zhaoying ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Kan ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Bojuan LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Song LengHealth Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China. dllengsong@126.com.
Jing LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. lijingendocrine@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-4095

Funding

the Distinguished Professor at Educational Department of Liaoning Province No. [2014]187the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81771741
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveVitamin D(VitD) deficiency has been found prevalent among patients with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). This study aimed to investigate whether low VitD2 or VitD3 potentially contributed to the development of TAI in euthyroid male patients, which had not been reported before.

methodsA total of 2882 euthyroid male petroleum workers were recruited from those participants in the healthcare program at the second affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University in 2021, whose serum VitD levels, thyroid functions, and autoantibody titers were all examined at the same time. Among them, 2587 (89.8%) individuals received the second health follow-up in 2022. Serum VitD including 25(OH)D2 (VitD2) and 25(OH)D3 (VitD3) levels were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Thyroid functions and autoantibody titers were quantified using chemiluminescent immunoassays.

resultsThe serum levels of VitD and VitD3 were pronouncedly lower in the male euthyroid subjects with TAI (n = 195) than those non-TAI men (n = 2687, P < 0.05), whereas serum VitD2 was not significantly different based on the data from the initial investigation in 2021. The prevalence of subjects with TAI among the total male euthyroid subjects with TAI population was markedly increased with the decreasing levels of serum VitD and VitD3, respectively (P for trend < 0.05), but not significantly changed with that of serum VitD2. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that either the deficiency of VitD (serum VitD < 20 ng/mL, VDD) or low VitD3 level was an independent risk factor for the development of TAI, which had been further demonstrated by the follow-up observation in 2022. Among the non-TAI men in 2021, 6.52% (n = 157) individuals became TAI patients after a one-year follow-up, and their serum VitD and VitD3 levels both exhibited significantly more reduction as compared with those of the remained non-TAI ones in 2022. More of those with VDD developed TAI than the non-VDD ones did in 2022 (8.5% vs. 5.6%, P<0.05). Additionally, the change in serum VitD over the two years was more strongly correlated with serum VitD3 (rs = 0.971, P < 0.001) when compared with that of VitD2 (rs = 0.085, P < 0.001) in the whole euthyroid male population.

conclusionBased on the cross-sectional and prospective investigations, our findings further indicate that VDD may be an independent risk factor for TAI development. Moreover, the latter is potentially associated with the deficiency of VitD3 rather than VitD2 in the euthyroid male population although the related mechanisms await in-depth exploration. Our findings also suggest that VitD3 supplementation might provide more potential benefits than VitD2 among VDD men in terms of preventing TAI development. STUDY REGISTRATION: the Dalian Health Management Cohort (DHMC) ChiCTR2300073363.

Indexed as

25(OH)D25(OH)D225(OH)D3Thyroid autoimmunity

Identifiers

PMID40098187
PMCPMC11916962

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.