ArticleAutophagy2025
H3K36me2 methyltransferase NSD2/WHSC1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis via activation of ULK1-dependent autophagy.
Article in Autophagy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond conventional therapies: the evolution of targeted agents and immunotherapies in triple-negative breast cancer.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-activated CuJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- VPS33A Promotes Pemigatinib Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma via Autophagy.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Chemoresistance and Immune Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- NSD2 inhibits the expression of PD-L1 via oxidative phosphorylation to control immune surveillance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Many faces of mammalian NSD methyltransferases.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanism and potential role of mitophagy in breast cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- FABP4-mediated lipid droplet accumulation drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition and aggravates alveolar epithelial barrier disruption.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- NSD Family-Mediated H3K36 Methylation in Human Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- NSD2 mediates NF-κB and matrix metalloproteinases to drive hepatocellular carcinoma malignant progression.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Autophagy-Related Proteins in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Characterization of hypoxia-related molecular clusters and prognostic riskScore for glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic regulation espeically histone modifications in breast cancer: A viable and emerging targeted therapeutic strategy.Journal of Cancer · 2025Review
- Decoding breast cancer treatment resistance through genetic, epigenetic, and immune-regulatory mechanisms: from molecular insights to translational perspectives.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause for treatment failure and poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Macroautophagy/autophagy plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic or epigenetic regulation of autophagy-related factors alters autophagy levels, which subsequently promotes cancer progression and affects the therapeutic effectiveness. However, the molecular basis for the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy in TNBC progression is poorly understood. In this study, we reveal the histone methyltransferase NSD2/WHSC1 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2) as a novel epigenetic regulator of autophagy in TNBC progression. We demonstrate that the expression of NSD2 is significantly upregulated in TNBC cells and high NSD2 expression is correlated with poor TNBC survival. Elevated expression of NSD2 significantly promotes TNBC metastasis in multiple TNBC models. Mechanistically, ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1) is identified as a novel target of NSD2 and NSD2-mediated histone H3K36me2 methylation directly activates ULK1 transcription in TNBC cells. Notably, NSD2-induced ULK1 expression facilitates autophagosome maturation and increases autophagic flux, thus promoting autophagy-related malignancy progression in TNBC. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of NSD2 using MS159 and MCTP-39 significantly suppresses TNBC autophagy, growth, and metastasis both
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