ArticleNature materials2025
Barium titanate and lithium niobate permittivity and Pockels coefficients from megahertz to sub-terahertz frequencies.
Article in Nature materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Silicon-Based HighlyACS omega · 2026Article
- Superefficient optical frequency division referenced to μHz Schawlow-Townes-linewidth quantum noise-limited lasers.Science advances · 2026Article
- All-optical control of second-harmonic generation in β-BaBNature communications · 2026Article
- Self-buffered epitaxy of barium titanate on oxide insulators enables high-performance electro-optic modulators.Light, science & applications · 2026Article
- Colossal Cryogenic Electro-Optic Response Through Metastability in Strained BaTiOAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Amorphous metal oxide mixtures for high-Communications physics · 2026Article
- All-plasmonic sub-terahertz wireless communication link.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Emerging Trends in Thermo-Optic and Electro-Optic Materials for Tunable Photonic Devices.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Pockels effect is essential for controlling optical signals at the highest speeds, particularly for electro-optic modulators in photonic integrated circuits. Lithium niobate (LN) and barium titanate (BTO) are two excellent Pockels materials to this end. Here we measure the Pockels coefficients and permittivity in LN and BTO over a continuous frequency range from 100 MHz to 330 GHz. These properties are constant across this frequency range in LN, but have a strong frequency dependence in BTO. Still, our measurements show that BTO has remarkable electro-optic properties compared with LN. Furthermore, we show how BTO devices can be designed with a flat electro-optic frequency response despite the Pockels coefficient dispersion. Finally, we expound our method for broadband characterization of these vital electro-optic properties, utilizing specialized integrated electro-optic phase shifters. Altogether, this work empowers the design of high-speed BTO devices and the development of new electro-optic materials.
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Registered trials
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