ArticleAmerican heart journal2025
Cardiac auscultation skills among medical trainees.
Article in American heart journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07542509 (Digital diagnoSis of Cardiac sOUNd in peDiatric Patients [DI-SOUND Study]), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Digital diagnoSis of Cardiac sOUNd in peDiatric Patients [DI-SOUND Study]
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chest auscultation - tradition and expectationsScandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Review
- Rational and design of the digital diagnosis of cardiac sounds in paediatric patients (DI_SOUND) study.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- A Novel Method for ECG-Free Heart Sound Segmentation in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Disease.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany experts suspect there has been a gradual decline in cardiac auscultation skills among physicians, though no studies have examined this hypothesis over time. We sought to better evaluate the long-term change in medical trainees' cardiac auscultation skills.
methodsWe performed a repeated cross-sectional study to analyze medical trainee performance on a cardiac auscultation simulation test over an 11-year period. The simulation tests involved identifying pre-recorded heart sounds and murmurs. Test results were analyzed with linear regression to evaluate temporal trends in scores. Performance on individual heart sounds and murmurs was also analyzed.
resultsWe included results from 411 simulation tests representing 348 medical students (84.7%), 37 residents (9.0%), and 26 cardiology fellows (6.3%). The overall average test score was 7.7 points (SD 2.5). Test scores declined over time for all trainees by 0.15 points per year (P=0.003). Fellows performed better than medical students by an average of 2.1 points (P < 0.001), while residents performed better than medical students by an average of 1.1 points (P = 0.008). Overall performance on individual heartsounds and murmurs was variable with no significant change in performance over time.
conclusionMedical student trainees at an academic medical center had declining cardiac auscultation skills over time, with a possible similar decline noted among internal medicine residents and cardiology fellows. This study underscores the importance of broad investment in strategies for teaching cardiac auscultation to preserve and improve this essential skill.
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