In vivo quantitative proteomic analysis of porcine alveolar macrophages in PRRSV-infected pigs.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has led to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. The complexity of preventing and controlling PRRS, compounded by the limited efficacy of current vaccines, underscores the urgent need to identify antiviral targets and develop effective therapeutics against PRRSV. From the perspective of virus-host interactions, the discovery of target molecules associated with PRRSV resistance offers a promising strategy for future disease management. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis using data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to investigate the host response throughout the acute phase of PRRSV infection. This approach provides critical insights into the regulation of host antiviral and immune pathways during acute infection, advancing our theoretical understanding of PRRSV-host interactions and host gene dynamics during this critical phase. Notably, we identified SCARB2, a major lysosomal membrane protein associated with cholesterol metabolism, as a potential regulator of PRRSV replication. These findings offer novel perspectives for the prevention and control of PRRSV, contributing to the development of targeted antiviral strategies.