Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40096883›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2025

Progression of lymphatic filariasis antigenaemia and microfilaraemia over 4.5 years in antigen-positive individuals, Samoa 2019-2023.

Helen J Mayfield, Benn Sartorius, Ramona Muttucumaru, Sarah Sheridan, Maddison Howlett, Beatris Mario Martin, Shannon M Hedtke, Emma Field, Robert Thomsen, Satupaitea Viali and 2 more

Abstract read
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Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Helen J MayfieldUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: h.mayfield@uq.edu.au.
Benn SartoriusUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Ramona MuttucumaruUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Sarah SheridanUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Maddison HowlettSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Beatris Mario MartinUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Shannon M HedtkeDepartment of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Emma FieldNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Robert ThomsenSamoa Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa.
Satupaitea VialiOceania University of Medicine Samoa, Apia, Samoa.
Patricia M GravesCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
Colleen L LauUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe first round of triple-drug mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Samoa was in 2018. This study aims to i) examine progression of LF antigen (Ag) and microfilaria (Mf) in Ag-positive individuals from 2019-2023; and ii) compare Ag/Mf prevalence in household members of Mf-positive vs Mf-negative participants.

methodsIn 2023, we tested Ag-positive participants (indexes) from a 2019 survey in Samoa, and their household members. We tested for Ag (Alere/Abbott Filariasis Test Strip) and Mf. We examined changes in Ag/Mf status in index participants and compared Ag/Mf prevalence between household members of Mf-positive and Mf-negative indexes.

resultsWe recruited 91 indexes and 317 household members. In 2023, all 17 Mf-positive indexes remained Ag-positive and 11/15 with Mf results (73.3%) were Mf-positive. Of 74 Mf-negative indexes, 79.7% remained Ag-positive in 2023 and 31.1% became Mf-positive. Household members of Mf-positive indexes were more likely to be Ag-positive (odds ratios 3.3, 95% CI 1.0-10.3) compared to those of Mf-negative indexes.

conclusionOur results raise concerns regarding long-term effectiveness of a single-dose of triple-drug MDA for sustained clearance of Mf in Samoa. Guidelines for follow-up and treatment of Ag/Mf-positive people and household members are urgently required.

Indexed as

Antigens, HelminthElephantiasis, FilarialMicrofilariaeAdolescentAdultAgedAnimalsChildDisease ProgressionFemaleFilaricidesHumansMaleMass Drug AdministrationMiddle AgedPrevalenceAntigens, HelminthFilaricidesClusteringNeglected Tropical Disease eliminationPacific IslandsRecrudescenceWuchereria bancrofti

Identifiers

PMID40096883
PMCPMC12069812

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.