Visual-Inertial-Wheel Odometry with Slip Compensation and Dynamic Feature Elimination.

Inertial navigation systems augmented with visual and wheel odometry measurements have emerged as a robust solution to address uncertainties in robot localization and odometry. This paper introduces a novel data-driven approach to compensate for wheel slippage in visual-inertial-wheel odometry (VIWO). The proposed method leverages Gaussian process regression (GPR) with deep kernel design and long short-term memory (LSTM) layers to model and mitigate slippage-induced errors effectively. Furthermore, a feature confidence estimator is incorporated to address the impact of dynamic feature points on visual measurements, ensuring reliable data integration. By refining these measurements, the system utilizes a multi-state constraint Kalman filter (MSCKF) to achieve accurate state estimation and enhanced navigation performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through extensive simulations and experimental validations using real-world datasets. The results highlight the ability of the method to handle challenging terrains and dynamic environments by compensating for wheel slippage and mitigating the influence of dynamic objects. Compared to conventional VIWO systems, the integration of GPR and LSTM layers significantly improves localization accuracy and robustness. This work paves the way for deploying VIWO systems in diverse and unpredictable environments, contributing to advancements in autonomous navigation and multi-sensor fusion technologies.