Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40096128›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Credibility Assessment for Digital Twins in Vehicle-in-the-Loop Test Based on Information Entropy.

Tianfang Gao, Liang Chen, Xinghui Zhang, Jinghua Guo, Dong Ni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Tianfang GaoXiamen Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xiamen 361023, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9459-6946
Liang ChenXiamen Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xiamen 361023, China.
Xinghui ZhangXiamen Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xiamen 361023, China.
Jinghua GuoSchool of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9123-6817
Dong NiXiamen Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xiamen 361023, China.

Funding

National Science Foundation of Xiamen, China 3502Z20227159
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital twins in vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) test has great practical significance for the functional development, testing and evaluation of intelligent vehicle. The study about the credibility assessment of dynamically evolving models still lacks effective approaches. In addition, it has rarely been studied in automotive tests. In this paper, a closed loop test of dynamic virtual and real-world interaction was built, and its characteristics are also analyzed. According to its characteristics and assessment methods, a credibility assessment methodology based on information entropy is proposed to reveal the degree of its own information confusion and structural relevance of different information, which involves ApEn and cross-ApEn. The algorithm has been successfully verified in experiments and it has been found that the inconsistent weight of the real and digital vehicle is an important factor on digital twins VIL tests. Furthermore, the effect of the length of series on the credibility assessment has been emphatically studied, and the results show that it has no more than 2% effect on the credibility assessment.

Indexed as

approximate entropycross approximate entropydigital twinsinformation entropyvehicle-in-the-loop test

Identifiers

PMID40096128
PMCPMC11902484

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.