Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40095985›Full record

ArticleThe Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association2026

Evaluating Geographic Distribution and Potential Environmental Risk Factors of Orofacial Cleft Anomalies Utilizing a Statewide Birth Defects Registry.

Clark Kennedy, Sean Young, Kyle Davis, Erin Weatherford Creighton, Adam Johnson, Larry Hartzell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Spatial Epidemiologic Analysis of Fetal Birth Defects in Guangxi, China.International journal of general medicine · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Clark KennedyCollege of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1344-6473
Sean YoungO'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0054-0627
Kyle DavisDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Erin Weatherford CreightonDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5849-6203
Adam JohnsonDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8694-8665
Larry HartzellDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0625-221X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ObjectiveThe reported prevalence of cleft lip and palate within the state of Arkansas (10.63 to 12.22 per 10,000 live births) is much higher than the national average. With greater understanding of at-risk populations and risk factors, we can provide more targeted education to improve patient outcomes and potentially reduce the incidence of orofacial clefts.DesignThis is a database review of cleft lip and/or palate patients using data obtained from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System (ARHMS) database, a statewide birth defects registry that collects data from 83 regional hospitals.SettingStatewide database study.PatientsPatients diagnosed with cleft lip and/or palate between the years 1993 and 2015 registered in the ARHMS database.Main Outcome MeasurePrevalence rates of orofacial clefts within each Arkansas county.ResultsA total of 1345 unique patients with a diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate were identified in the database with an average prevalence of 14.9 per 10,000 live births [95% CI: 14.1-15.7]. Of the 75 counties in Arkansas, 37 counties had prevalence rates higher than the state rate. Three counties had particularly higher prevalence rates of more than 33 per 10,000 live births. On the other hand, 3 counties had very low rates of 5 or less per 10,000 live births.ConclusionsThe rates of orofacial cleft anomalies are not distributed as expected among Arkansas counties. Further exploration is necessary to determine what, if any, environmental factors are at play.

Indexed as

Cleft LipCleft PalateArkansasDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMalePrevalenceRegistriesRisk Factorscleft lipcleft lip and palatecleft palatefacial cleftnon-syndromic clefting

Identifiers

PMID40095985
PMCPMC13076965

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.