ReviewVeterinary medicine and science2025
Low-Invasive Biomarkers of Canine Mammary Tumours.
Review in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Canine Mammary Tumours: Introducing of Triple-Negative Profile (ERVeterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Enhancing EGFR Inhibition: Monensin and Erlotinib Synergize to Eliminate Cancer Stem Cells in Canine Mammary Tumours.Veterinary and comparative oncology · 2026Article
- The comparison of acute phase proteins in experimentally induced canine acute pancreatitis.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Utility of Urinary miRNA Biomarkers for Canine Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnostics.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common type of tumours in older bitches. An early, precise and low-invasive diagnosis is essential, due to some CMTs being malignant and having a poor prognosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and blood tests are both low-invasive diagnostic methods that have been used in veterinary medicine. However, the perfect biomarkers should be identified to diagnose and evaluate the prognosis of CMTs. This review focuses on biomarkers that can be tested by FNA or blood samples based on current literature. Until now, the most studied biomarkers of FNAC, such as Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), P53, E-cadherin and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Some common blood biomarkers that have been widely studied include lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The novel biomarkers will also be mentioned: cancer stem cells (CSCs), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), miRNAs and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA); they are all useful markers. Copper ion and serum ferritin (SF) are good markers of human breast cancer; they may be candidates of CMTs biomarkers, too. In conclusion, many biomarkers are suitable for diagnosing and/or prognosing CMTs; combining a couple of them can increase the specificity; more detailed research should be done.
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Registered trials
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