ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Pleural Infection: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbiological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Pleural Fluid Isolates in a Tertiary Care Setting in Lahore, Pakistan.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Contemporary Pleural Drainage in Adult Practice: Image-Guided Techniques, Procedural Safety, Training Standards, and Malignant Pleural Effusion Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Stepwise Surgical Management of Persistent Pleural and Parenchymal Sepsis Due to Pan-Resistant Pseudomonas Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Focus on pleural empyema: etiology, epidemiology, infectiology, treatment, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-a single-center analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Severe Necrotizing Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Bilateral Empyema in an Immunocompetent Patient due toCase reports in pulmonology · 2026Article
- Early diagnostic value of serum S100 calcium-binding protein A12, serum amyloid A protein, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute empyema.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive management of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complications: from infection prevention to immune microenvironment reconstruction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Thoracoplasty Without Rib Resection by the Sawamura Technique: A Forgotten Technique for Effective Complex Pleural Empyema Management in a Single-Step.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: Clinical and Imaging InsightsBalkan medical journal · 2025Review
- A Practical Approach to Pleural Infection.Pulmonary therapy · 2025Article
- Chest drainage or repeated thoracentesis for pleural infections: a clinical dilemma.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pleural infection represents a significant and ongoing challenge for patients, clinicians, and healthcare providers given the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Whilst our understanding of how pleural infection develops and how it should be treated has improved considerably over the past couple of decades, this has yet to translate into a meaningful positive impact on key outcomes. Making the diagnosis of pleural infection is not always straightforward, and the long-standing belief that it always occurs as a complication of lung parenchymal infection is being increasingly recognised as incorrect. Identifying the causative organism(s) is equally uncertain, with almost half of cases of pleural infection proving to be culture negative using traditional methods. Whilst we are now able to determine which patients are more likely to have a poor outcome from their pleural infection at the time of diagnosis, how this should affect their treatment pathway-including the role of more invasive strategies such as surgery or intrapleural enzyme therapy-is not yet known. This review article aims to summarise the existing evidence base and best clinical practice for the non-specialist, whilst highlighting recent research which has or will change the way we manage pleural infection, as well as those areas where further studies are still needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.