SynthesisInfection2025
Infection prevention and control measures for multidrug-resistant organisms: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Incidence of colonization and infection with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Toronto and Peel Region, Ontario, 2007-2024.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2026Article
- An Overview of Virulence, Resistance, and Clinical Significance of Klebsiella Infections.Cureus · 2026Review
- Multiphase terminal environmental disinfection targeting Acinetobacter baumannii sustains reduction in multidrug-resistant organism healthcare-associated infections in an ICU.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Organizational readiness for implementing infection control in European hospitals: insights from Coincidence Analysis.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Game-based learning in microbiology education: design and classroom use of MicroBioCombat.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Antibiotic Utilization Patterns in Multidrug-Resistant Surgical Infections: A Retrospective Study From a Romanian Tertiary-Care Center.International journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Patients and Surfaces: Integrated Clinical-Environmental Surveillance of MDR Gram-Negative Bacteria in Critical-Care Units (Karachi, 2024-2025).Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Profile of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units of a Maternal and Child Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Update on infection prevention in the ICU.Current opinion in critical care · 2025Review
- Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Resistance in a Hospital in Kunming Over the Past Two Years.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures combating multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in healthcare settings remains controversial.
methodsPubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched from inception to June 1, 2024. The interventions encompassed standard precautions (SP), contact precautions (CP), hand hygiene (HH), environmental cleaning (ENV), antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP), decolonization (DCL), and chlorhexidine baths (CHG). The primary outcome were the acquisition, infection, and colonization of MDROs. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and MDROs-associated bacteraemia. Effect indicators were expressed as rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsThe study included a total of 97 articles, comprising 19 RCTs and 78 non-RCTs. The results showed that the most effective combination interventions for the acquisition, infection, and colonization of MDROs compared to SP varied as follows: CP + CHG (RR, 0.38 [0.18, 0.79]), SP + CP + ENV (RR, 0.04 [0.02, 0.08]), and SP + CHG (RR, 0.28 [0.14, 0.56]). In subgroup analyses, CP + CHG (RR, 0.36 [0.20,0.64]) was the most effective intervention for the acquisition of MDROs in the ICU setting, whereas SP + CP + ASP (RR, 0.35 [0.14,0.92]) was the most effective hospital-wide. Across subgroups, SP + CP + ENV (RR, 0.04 to 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.99]) was identified as the most effective intervention for MDROs infections. In the ICU setting, SP + CHG (RR, 0.28 [0.14,0.56]) demonstrated the highest effectiveness in reducing the colonization of MDROs, whereas SP + CP + ENV + CHG (RR, 0.15 [0.06,0.38]) was the most effective on a hospital-wide scale. SP + CP + DCL (RR, 0.28 [0.24, 0.32]) was associated with reduced CRE colonization. The results of this study were robust according to the sensitivity analysis. None of the analyses related to secondary outcomes were statistically significant. In terms of article quality assessment, 94.7% of the RCTs were medium to high risk, while 92.31% of the non-RCTs. The primary limitation of the RCTs were related to the randomization process, whereas the non-RCTs were primarily affected by confounding bias.
conclusionsEffective interventions differ based on carriage status, intervention setting, and the resistant strain. Additionally, contact precautions is a crucial component of these combinations. Consequently, healthcare organizations can select appropriate interventions based on their unique resistance profiles to optimize precision and resource efficiency.
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