Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Probiotic to Mitigate Pesticide Stress in Honey Bee.

Using probiotics, especially those containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), to support honey bee health and alleviate the negative effects of pesticides represents a promising approach for sustainable beekeeping. Probiotics have shown their ability to boost honey bee immune systems, counteract pesticide impacts, and lower disease rates. Bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have demonstrated their ability to degrade organophosphorus pesticides using phosphatase enzymes. Additionally, these bacteria are resistant to the harmful effects of pesticides and aid in detoxification. Furthermore, supplementing with LAB positively affects colony growth, resulting in increased honey production, improved pollen storage, and higher brood counts. Various methods of delivering probiotics, such as powdered supplements, sucrose syrup, and pollen patties, have been explored, each with its own set of challenges and considerations. Despite making significant progress, further study is still required to fully comprehend the precise interactions between probiotics and the physiology of honey bees, to improve delivery strategies, and to evaluate the wider ecological effects on hive microbiomes. By implementing probiotic strategies in beekeeping practices, we can create stronger and more resilient honey bee colonies that can thrive amidst environmental challenges, thus promoting the sustainability of pollination services.