Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40094895›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of microbiology & immunology2025

Phagetherapy updates: New frontiers against antibiotic resistance.

Shiza Malik, Omar Ahsan, Khalid Muhammad, Nayla Munawar, Yasir Waheed

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of microbiology & immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Bacteriophages AgainstViruses · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Carbapenem Resistance inMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shiza Malik1Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
Omar Ahsan2Department of Medicine, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Khalid Muhammad3Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
Nayla Munawar4Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, 15551, Al Ain, UAE.ORCID 0000-0001-9448-2845
Yasir Waheed5NUST School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-5789-4215

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in the healthcare industry, and it presents difficulties in managing bacterial diseases worldwide. The need to find alternative antibiotic-containing methods is thus a major area for the scientific community to work on. Bacteriophage therapy is an interesting alternative that has been used in scientific research for a long time to tackle antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this review was to compile the latest data on bacteriophages, which are progressively being used as alternatives to antibiotics, and to identify the mechanisms associated with phage therapy. The results section delves into the growing challenges posed by antibiotics and explores the potential of bacteriophages as therapeutic alternatives. This study discusses how phages can decrease antibiotic resistance, highlighting their role in modulating microbiomes and addressing various complications. This study explored the intriguing question of whether bacteriophages can combat nonbacterial diseases and examined their indirect use in pest control. In addition, this study explores the application of the CRISPR-Cas system in combating antibiotic resistance and specifically addresses phage therapy for secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19. We will further discuss whether bacteriophages are a noteworthy alternative to antibiotics by considering the evolutionary trade-offs between phages and antibiotic resistance. This section concludes by outlining future perspectives and acknowledging limitations, particularly in the context of phage and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated phage therapy. The methodology adopted for this study is a comprehensive research strategy using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, among others. In conclusion, phage therapy is a promising strategy for tackling antibiotic-resistant bacteria, contributing to improved food production and mitigating secondary health effects. However, effective regulation requires careful selection of phages in conjunction with antibiotics to ensure judicious control of the coevolutionary dynamics between phages and antibiotics.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistanceantibioticsbacteriophagesCRISPR-Cas systeminfectionsmultidrug-resistant bacteriaphage resistancephage therapy

Identifiers

PMID40094895
PMCPMC11925186

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.