ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Plasma-Activated Water Produced by a Moderately High Energy-Efficient 1-Liter Reactor: Effects on Germination and Growth of Tomato and Bell Pepper Plants.
Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shaping the future of sustainable agriculture: an interdisciplinary review of plasma technology for enhanced nutrient use efficiency.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Plant Physiological and Biochemical Processes, Second Edition.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plasma-activated water as a solvent for foliar fertilizer: effects on the growth and biochemical properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.).BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Aging Stability and Radical Activity of Plasma-Activated Water Treated in Liquid- and Gas-Phase Reactors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Seed priming and irrigating with plasma-activated water improve the growth and drought resistance in Poa pratensis.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a sustainable and innovative alternative for agriculture, especially in controlled environments like greenhouses. Tomato and pepper are key horticultural crops worldwide, with a considerable part of their production in greenhouses. This study examined the effects of PAW irrigation on seed germination, plant growth, and oxidative stress in tomato and bell pepper plants. PAW was activated for up to 15 min using a 1 L capacity plasma reactor based on a glow-type discharge in air with water-cathode. The concentration of nitrogen compounds and the energy efficiency of synthesis obtained with the reactor were moderately high (5.4 mM and 60 nmol/J, respectively). The most notable effects of PAW were observed in bell pepper. The germination percentage in bell pepper increased by up to 26%, while no significant effects were found in tomato seeds. PAW irrigation significantly promoted plant growth, with dry weight increasing by up to 61% in bell pepper and 42% in tomato. Lipid peroxidation results showed no oxidative damage in either crop. The biochemical analysis of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase) confirmed that plant defense systems responded adequately to PAW irrigation. These results highlight PAW's potential as an innovative and eco-friendly alternative in agriculture.
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