Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40094066›Full record

SynthesisGlobal heart2025

Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Pakistan: A Pooled Analysis of 1.5 Million Individuals and Comparison with Other Countries of the Region.

Madeeha Khan, Quratul Ain, Jaka Sikonja, Hijab Batool, Muhammad Qasim Hayat, Mohammad Iqbal Khan, Urh Groselj, Fouzia Sadiq

Abstract readSystematic ReviewComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Global heart, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Madeeha KhanAtta ur Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-3913-8539
Quratul AinShifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-3727-338X
Jaka SikonjaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0001-7843-8107
Hijab BatoolChemical Pathology, Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-6155-9217
Muhammad Qasim HayatAtta ur Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-1053-5327
Mohammad Iqbal KhanDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0005-6270-1069
Urh GroseljFaculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0002-5246-9869
Fouzia SadiqShifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-9399-6078

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder that causes elevated LDL-C levels leading to premature cardiovascular disease but remains underdiagnosed. This study aims to determine the prevalence of FH in Pakistan using data from multiple laboratory networks and compare it with other counties of the region. Methods: The study analyzed lipid profile data from two large laboratory networks in Pakistan, applying Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Death (MEDPED) LDL-C criteria for the general population to identify FH cases. A pooled prevalence estimate of prevalence of FH in Pakistan was calculated by combining the data of studies reporting prevalence in Pakistan. A systematic review was conducted to assess FH prevalence in South and Southeast Asian countries. Results: Analysis of 545,087 individuals (Median age 45 years, 58.2% males) identified 2,911 FH cases [0.55%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53-0.57%), equivalent to a prevalence of 1:182. Pooled analysis with a previous Pakistani study, totaling 1,533,393 subjects, estimated the overall FH prevalence in Pakistan at 1:273 (95% CI: 0.21-0.64%). Prevalence decreased with age, being highest in the <20 years group (1:29), while no gender differences were observed. A systematic review of South and Southeast Asian countries revealed limited data, with FH prevalence estimates missing for majority of the countries of the region. Conclusion: This study provides an updated estimate of FH prevalence in Pakistan and highlights the scarcity of data in South and Southeast Asia.

Indexed as

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPakistanPrevalenceYoung AdultCardiovascular diseaseFamilial hypercholesterolemiaPakistanPrevalenceScreeningSouth AsiaSoutheast Asia

Identifiers

PMID40094066
PMCPMC11908433

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