ArticleDigital health
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Traditional Chinese eHealth Literacy Scale among adults with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of Digital Health Literacy Among Patients With Serious Mental Illness: Cross-Sectional Survey.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- The relationship between digital health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors in patients with diabetes-related foot disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- eHealth literacy and decisional conflict in patients with coronary heart disease: chain mediation of cyberchondria and psychological inflexibility and a latent profile analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The rise in online health information access has shifted health-seeking behaviors, yet a validated tool to assess eHealth literacy for the Taiwanese context remains unavailable. This study aimed to translate the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) into Traditional Chinese and validate its factor structure and reliability among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: The original 8-item eHEALS was translated into Traditional Chinese (eHEALS-TC) using forward and backward translation techniques, with input from four experts in pharmacy practice and educational psychology. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the eHEALS-TC in adults with T2D who were taking diabetes medication. Participants were recruited from five community pharmacies in Taiwan between June 2023 and May 2024. The internal consistency of the eHEALS-TC was assessed using McDonald's omega (ω), while construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis. Criterion validity was determined by exploring the correlation between the mean total eHEALS-TC score and demographic factors, self-efficacy, health status, medication adherence, and A1C levels. Results: A total of 273 patients participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that all eHEALS-TC items were loaded onto a single factor, accounting for 84.95% of the total variance. The internal consistency reliability yielded a McDonald's ω of 0.974. The mean total eHEALS-TC score was positively associated with younger age ( Conclusions: The findings provide empirical evidence supporting the validity, reliability, and efficiency of the eHEALS-TC as a tool for assessing eHealth literacy among individuals with varying demographics and health conditions in Taiwan.
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