ArticleInfection and drug resistance2025
In-Utero Maternal-to-Fetal Transmission of COVID-19: An Immunological and Virological Study in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The pandemic potential of the virus along with its severity posed a threat to all individuals particularly pregnant women. Multiple studies suggested the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 with variable findings. Aim: This study aims to assess the frequency of COVID-19 vertical transmission and identify maternal and neonatal complications. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 17 months for all pregnant women attending for delivery who tested positive using SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 80) and their neonates (n = 81) who were tested by both SARS-CoV2 PCR and viral IgG and IgM antibodies detection using immunochromatography. A matched control group of PCR negative mothers (n = 51) was included. All testing was done within 24-48 hours, and the neonates of positive mothers were immediately and completely separated from their mothers as per the hospital policy. Results: A total of 263 individuals were included in the study. Out of 80 SARS-CoV2 PCR positive mothers, 4 (5%) had PCR positive neonates and one (1.3%) had SARS-CoV2 IgM positive neonates. The commonest presentation of COVID-19 in mothers were cough (11.4%) and dyspnea (10%). In addition, the need for ICU admission and antibiotics usage was significantly higher in SARS-CoV2 PCR positive mothers (p value 0.042, 0.003 respectively). On the other hand, neonates of SARS-CoV2 PCR positive mothers had a higher risk of low birth weight and NICU admission (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: This study, with its unique infection control protocol for managing SARS-CoV2 PCR-positive mothers and the use of immunological testing for neonates, provides evidence for in-utero SARS-CoV2 transmission, and interpretation of the results should be in conjunction with the WHO categorization of the timing of mother-to-fetal transmission. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of viral genetic evolution on the risk of maternal-fetal transmission.
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