ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025
A bioactive three-layered skin substitute based on ECM components effectively promotes skin wound healing and regeneration.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Next-generation epidermal patches: Bridging 3D and multidimensional printing for biomedical and personal care innovations.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- ENKD1 Modulates Skin Elasticity Through Microtubule Stability Regulation.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Multifunctional Hydrogels for Diabetic Wound Healing: Design Strategies and Microenvironmental Remodeling Mechanisms.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Novel Sprayable Fibrinogen/Glycosaminoglycans/Collagen-Based Bioink for Skin Wound Healing Applied by a Handheld Dual-Head Airbrush.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- From basic biology to engineered therapies: the keratinocyte stem cell playbook.Frontiers in medical technology · 2026Review
- The Role of a Biological Membrane in Healing Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wounds in Rats.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Dermatan Sulfate: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Roles.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Hydrogel Network Architecture Design Space: Impact on Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Preclinical Evidence That Mesoglycan Unfolds Complex Anti-Aging Effects in Photoaged Female Facial Skin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury: Ready to Go.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of conventional skin tissue engineering (TE), 3D biofabrication approaches are being developed. However, tissue mimicry should be further improved in skin models. Here, we developed and characterized biomimetic hydrogels to obtain a biofabricated three-layered (BT) skin substitute based on the main components found in the epidermal, dermal, and hypodermal skin layers. Hydrogels for dermal and hypodermal skin layers were based on a mix of agarose and type I collagen, supplemented with skin-related extracellular matrix (ECM) components (dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and elastin) and loaded with human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) or human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs), respectively. The epidermal hydrogel was formulated using type I collagen supplemented with keratin and sphingolipids, and seeded with human epidermal keratinocytes (hEKs). Physicochemical results revealed adequate viscosity, gelling times, and pH for each hydrogel solution. The BT Skin also showed good swelling and degradation kinetics, and mechanical properties in a similar range of human skin. The hydrogels and BT Skin demonstrated stable cell viability and metabolic activity, as well as intercellular communication through the release of growth factors. Moreover, the BT Skin demonstrated controlled inflammation
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