ArticleOpen veterinary journal2025
Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene).
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- An Overview of Epidemiological Tools That Support the Progress of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control in Southeast Asia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Indonesia is currently experiencing a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in livestock, caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). FMDV is easily spread to cause outbreaks in new geographical locations. Identifying FMDV infection through early diagnostic testing is important to track and prevent the spread of FMD in Indonesia. The use of appropriate samples is a crucial step in a study or survey to provide accurate results for diagnosis. Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of relevant oral mucosal epithelial swabs, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma specimen samples for FMDV diagnosis using one-step real time PCR (3D). Methods: Sampling was carried out by judgment or purposive, namely selecting animals that showed symptoms of the disease. A total of 109 samples were collected consisting of 3 types of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma collected from each cow reported as suspected FMDs in 8 districts in South Sulawesi were tested for FMDV using one-step RT-PCR (3D). Results: FMDV infection in oral mucosal epithelial swabs (ct = 28.9), saliva (ct = 30.62), and blood plasma (ct = 37.17) compared to controls used from the Farma Veterinary Center (ct = 29.10) using RT PCR (3D gene). These results indicate that the sensitivity value of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is the same as positive controls, even more sensitive, than when compared to saliva or blood plasma specimens. Sensitivity depends on the cycle threshold (CT) value for each RT PCR test and should be preferred in crucial situations if possible. Conclusion: These findings indicate that using oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is more sensitive to be used as superior samples for FMDV detection using RT-PCR (3D) as a powerful tool for early detection to enable faster and effective treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.