Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40092009›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Impact of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Sensor Technology in Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Theodora Plavoukou, Konstantina Apostolakopoulou, Georgios Papagiannis, Dimitris Stasinopoulos, Georgios Georgoudis

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Theodora PlavoukouDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica (UNIWA), Athens, GRC.
Konstantina ApostolakopoulouDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica (UNIWA), Athens, GRC.
Georgios PapagiannisFirst Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.
Dimitris StasinopoulosDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica (UNIWA), Athens, GRC.
Georgios GeorgoudisDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica (UNIWA), Athens, GRC.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder that significantly impacts mobility, pain levels, and overall quality of life. Conventional rehabilitation methods, while effective, often suffer from limitations related to patient adherence, accessibility, and cost. This systematic review examines the role of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and sensor-based technologies in KOA rehabilitation, evaluating their effectiveness in pain reduction, functional improvement, and patient engagement. A comprehensive literature search identified four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 405 participants, with an average Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score of 6/10, indicating moderate to high methodological quality. Findings suggest that VR and AR interventions enhance rehabilitation adherence and engagement, while sensor-based systems provide real-time biofeedback, enabling personalized therapeutic adjustments. These technologies demonstrated significant improvements in pain management, muscle strength, and functional mobility. However, challenges such as high costs, limited accessibility, and the absence of standardized treatment protocols remain barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Further research should focus on long-term efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and the integration of these innovations into routine clinical practice.

Indexed as

augmented realityknee osteoarthritisrehabilitationsensor technologyvirtual realitywearables

Identifiers

PMID40092009
PMCPMC11910998

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.