Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40091306›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large-Scalability and Low-Power Consumption.

Joon Pyo Kim, Song-Hyeon Kuk, Hyun Wook Kim, Jaeyong Jeong, Juhyuk Park, Bong Ho Kim, Jongmin Kim, Aida Todri-Sanial, Sanghyeon Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Analytical Prediction of Critical Transitions in Oscillator Networks With Non-Local Links.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Monolithically-Integrated van der Waals Synaptic Memory via Bulk Nano-Crystallization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Joon Pyo KimSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Song-Hyeon KukSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Hyun Wook KimSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven Technical University, Eindhoven, AZ, 5612, The Netherlands.
Jaeyong JeongSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Juhyuk ParkSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Bong Ho KimSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Jongmin KimDevice Technology Division, Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center (KANC), 109 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
Aida Todri-SanialSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven Technical University, Eindhoven, AZ, 5612, The Netherlands.
Sanghyeon KimSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-4408

Funding

IC Design Education CenterNational Research Council of Science & Technology GTL24041-000National Research Foundation of Korea 2022M3F3A2A01065057National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2023-00215860National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2023-00273669
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ising machines are attractive for efficiently solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). In this work, a scalable monolithic-3D (M3D) oscillatory Ising machine (OIM) is proposed using ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) serving as an in-memory routing switch (RS) and bi-stable resistor (biristor)-based oscillators for the first time. The M3D OIM achieves low static power consumption while offering high reconfigurability. Through careful control of FeFET routing switches, weights of the Ising model are embedded in coupled biristors. The performance is validated through simulations and experiments, in successfully solving King's graph sub-problems and the MaxCUT problem. By leveraging the intrinsic OIM features of parallel computing together with M3D integration, it is reported that the M3D OIM outperforms reported OIMs in scalability and speed. Such an approach provides new insights and significant potential for solving COPs.

Indexed as

fefetising machinem3dmaxcutoscillator

Identifiers

PMID40091306
PMCPMC12079487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.