Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40090867›Full record

SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2025

The effect of dietary weight-loss interventions on the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Cate Bulmer, Alison Avenell

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Cate BulmerHealth Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK.ORCID 0009-0009-0673-2329
Alison AvenellHealth Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4813-5628

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA chronic inflammatory state characterizes a wide range of diseases for which obesity is a risk factor. Weight loss could reduce levels of circulating inflammatory markers potentially reducing the incidence of associated diseases and improving response to treatment. However, dietary weight loss studies have reported inconsistent effects on serum inflammatory makers and the long-term effects are unknown.

objectiveTo systematically review randomized controlled trials and analyze any differences in serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha between adults with obesity achieving weight loss through dietary intervention compared to those receiving none or standard care.

methodsStudies were identified by searching databases from 1966 to November 2024. Randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months' follow-up were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis with an assessment of Cochrane risk of bias version 1.

resultsTwelve eligible studies were included. No trials reported a significant effect of weight loss on circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha, whilst studies achieving greater than 5% weight loss significantly reduced circulating interleukin-6 in adults with obesity.

conclusionWeight loss interventions achieving and maintaining greater than 5% weight loss appear to be required to reduce circulating interleukin-6 levels in adults with obesity.

Indexed as

Diet, ReducingInflammationInterleukin-6ObesityTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaWeight LossAdultBiomarkersHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBiomarkersIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphadietinflammationinflammatory markersmultimorbidityobesityweight loss

Identifiers

PMID40090867
PMCPMC12137039

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.