Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40090687›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2025

Leveraging telemedicine to explore contraceptive use and attitudes among refugee women: an observational cross-sectional analysis.

Iffat Zafar Aga, Sara Saeed Khurram, Muhammad Muzzamil, Mahek Karim, Shahkamal Hashmi

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Iffat Zafar AgaPublic Health and Digital Health, Sehat Kahani C/O Community Innovation Hub, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan iffatzaga@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3621-6922
Sara Saeed KhurramPublic Health and Digital Health, Sehat Kahani C/O Community Innovation Hub, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Muhammad MuzzamilPublic Health and Digital Health, Sehat Kahani C/O Community Innovation Hub, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-5837
Mahek KarimPublic Health and Digital Health, Sehat Kahani C/O Community Innovation Hub, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8300-9210
Shahkamal HashmiPublic Health, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe study examined how refugees in Pakistan who accessed e-health clinics to get sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care perceived and used contraception. The prevalence, attitudes and variables affecting the adoption or non-adoption of contraceptives were the intended outcomes. The study additionally investigated how frequently refugee women used these clinics and how satisfied they were with the way telemedicine met their SRH needs.

designAn observational cross-sectional methodology was used in this study to observe SRH-related telemedicine consultations. The study was conducted from 17 April 2024 to 31 May 2024.

settingThe data collection was done using a survey instrument and it was preserved in the organisation's electronic health record. The investigation was conducted at nine Sehat Kahani e-health clinics, four in Balochistan and five in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces.

participantsThe study enrolled 576 women who were refugees; they were recruited after they attended Sehat Kahani e-health clinics for SRH services and gave their consent to participate.

resultsThe study reported that refugee women visiting e-health clinics used contraception at a significant rate (68.1%). The majority (71.4%) of women rely on partners for family planning decisions. The primary reasons for using contraception were child spacing (33.2%) and preventing unintended pregnancy (31.1%). Housewives and those with an income of 20 000-40 000 Pakistan rupees (PKR) were more likely to use contraception. Women with limited access to SRH services, as well as those whose spouses make healthcare decisions, were less likely to use them.

conclusionWomen seeking refugee status who visited Sehat Kahani e-clinics depend substantially on contraception, with a preference for shorter-term options. Consumption of contraceptives was enhanced by collaborative decision-making and availability of SRH services, while it was hampered by a lack of education and healthcare control by husbands. Improving SRH outcomes for remote refugees confronting cultural hurdles is possible through telemedicine by overcoming these gaps.

Indexed as

ContraceptionContraception BehaviorHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeRefugeesTelemedicineAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFamily Planning ServicesFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMiddle AgedPakistanYoung AdultPUBLIC HEALTHREPRODUCTIVE MEDICINESexually Transmitted DiseaseTelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID40090687
PMCPMC11911688

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.