Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40090567›Full record

ReviewExperimental eye research2025

Retinal imaging in an era of open science and privacy protection.

Nayoon Gim, Marian Blazes, Clara I Sánchez, Luca Zalunardo, Giulia Corradetti, Tobias Elze, Naoto Honda, Nadia K Waheed, Anne Marie Cairns, M Valeria Canto-Soler and 9 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental eye research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Nayoon GimDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Marian BlazesDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Clara I SánchezDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Quantitative Healthcare Analysis (QurAI) Group, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Luca ZalunardoiCare, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Giulia CorradettiDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tobias ElzeMass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Naoto HondaNIDEK CO., LTD., Gamagori, Japan.
Nadia K WaheedNew England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Anne Marie CairnsOptos, Dunfermline, Scotland, United Kingdom.
M Valeria Canto-SolerCellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
Amitha DomalpallyWisconsin Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Mary DurbinTopcon Healthcare, Oakland, NJ, USA.
Daniela FerraraGenentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jewel HuDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Prashant NairProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Srinivas R SaddaDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tiarnan D L KeenanDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Cecilia S LeeDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: leecs2@uw.edu.
RIMR Consortium

Funding

Aging eyes and aging brains in studying alzheimer's disease: Modern ophthalmic data collection in the adult changes in thought (ACT) studyR01AG060942 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Cecilia Sungmin Lee · 2019 to 2026
$39.4M
Bridge2AI:Salutogenesis Data Generation ProjectOT2OD032644 · OD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BAXTER, SALLY LIU, CHUTE, CHRISTOPHER G · 2022 to 2025
$32.7M
PILOT STUDY--CLINICAL NUTRITION RESEARCHP30DK035816 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GREGORY J MORTON · 1986 to 2026
$30.4M
VISION RESEARCHP30EY003790 · NEI · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Patricia Ann D'Amore · 1985 to 2026
$25.5M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003790NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060942NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK035816NIH HHS OT2 OD032644
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for analyzing complex data to advance patient care and disease research. For example, AI interpretation of retinal imaging may enable the development of noninvasive retinal biomarkers of systemic disease. One potential limitation, however, is government regulation regarding retinal imaging as biometric data, which has been recently under debate in the United States. Although careful regard for patient privacy is key to maintaining trust in the widespread use of AI in healthcare, the designation of retinal imaging as biometric data would greatly restrict retinal biomarker research. There are several reasons why retinal imaging should not be considered biometric data. Unlike images of the iris, high quality images of the retina are more difficult to obtain, requiring specialized training and equipment, and often requiring pupil dilation for optimal quality. In addition, retinal imaging features can vary over time with changes in health status, and retinal images are not currently linked to any large identification databases. While the protection of patient privacy is imperative, there is also a need for large retinal imaging datasets to advance AI research. Given the limitations of retinal imaging as a source of biometric data, the research community should work to advocate for the continued use of retinal imaging in AI research.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceConfidentialityPrivacyRetinaHumansUnited StatesArtificial intelligenceBig dataBiometric dataRetinaRetinal imaging

Identifiers

PMID40090567
PMCPMC12059805

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.