ArticleBMC chemistry2025
Integrating green analytical chemistry and analytical quality by design: an innovative approach for RP-UPLC method development of ensifentrine in bulk and inhalation formulations.
Article in BMC chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A novel green QbD-optimized RP-HPLC bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of doxorubicin and rifampicin in human plasma.BMC chemistry · 2026Article
- Evaluation of six eco-analytical tools for the sustainable HPLC analysis of a quinary anti-cold drug mixture.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global health issue, worsened by pollution and modernisation. Ensifentrine (EFT), a new dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase PDE3 and PDE4, is being developed for inhalation to target airway inflammation, bronchodilation, and ciliary function in COPD treatment.
objectiveThis study aims to develop and validate a new quantification method for Ensifentrine, as no previous techniques are available, by integrating analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) and green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles.
methodsAn AQbD framework, utilizing Design-expert
resultsThe statistical analysis confirmed the model's significance and normal distribution. The method, validated according to ICH guidelines, showed good linearity (r GREEN CHEMISTRY ASSESSMENT: The greenness of the developed method was evaluated using tools such as ComplexMoGAPI, AGREE, BAGI, Green certificate-modified Eco-scale, and ChlorTox Scale. Additionally, the EVG method evaluation tool was also used to assess environmental impact, with the results shown in a radar chart.
conclusionThis study presents a sensitive and robust RP-UPLC method for quantifying Ensifentrine, combining AQbD and GAC principles. The method, validated according to ICH guidelines, also ensures environmental sustainability. This approach sets a precedent for future analytical method development in pharmaceutical sciences with a focus on sustainability.
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Registered trials
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