Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40089724›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2025

"I feel like my job is to give patients hope" - perspectives of Community Health Workers and employers in Iowa: a mixed methods study.

Amanda M Sursely, Debra Kazmerzak, William Appelgate, Laurie M Walkner, Samra Hiros, Roger Hileman, Heidi Haines, Rima A Afifi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Integrating Community Health Workers Into Clinical Settings.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Amanda M SurselyDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, S427 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. asursely@uiowa.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2899-8316
Debra KazmerzakHealthTeamWorks, Des Moines, IA, USA.
William AppelgateHealthTeamWorks, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Laurie M WalknerUniversity of Iowa College of Public Health, Institute of Public Health Practice, Research, and Policy, Midwestern Public Health Training Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Samra HirosIowa Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Rural Health, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Roger HilemanUniversity of Iowa College of Public Health, Institute of Public Health Practice, Research, and Policy, Midwestern Public Health Training Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Heidi HainesUniversity of Iowa Prevention Research Center for Rural Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Rima A AfifiUniversity of Iowa Prevention Research Center for Rural Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Funding

CDC HHS U48 DP006389HRSA HHS 5 UB6HP31688-07-00HRSA HHS UB6HP31688NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP006389
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in extending health services, particularly for people who are medically underserved. Despite efforts to expand CHW programs nationally and in Iowa, challenges persist in defining their roles and responsibilities. Few studies have considered the perspectives of both CHWs and CHW employers simultaneously.

methodsWe conducted an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study, first involving key informant interviews with CHWs and employers, which then informed the development of surveys distributed to both populations. We performed thematic analysis of qualitative data and calculated descriptive statistics of quantitative data.

resultsKey informant interviews were conducted with five CHWs and five employers. An additional 123 CHWs and 81 employers responded to the survey. From the interviews, we report six themes, including roles and responsibilities, interaction with the broader health care team, and support needed. Survey respondents reported 69 unique job titles, a wide range of populations served, and diverse training needs. Despite 93.6% (n = 102) of CHWs receiving on-the-job training, 48% (n = 52) indicated they would still benefit from more training to be effective in their roles. 46% (n = 21) of employers reported unstable funding as a major barrier to program implementation. DISCUSSION: CHWs in Iowa felt supported and valued as members of the care team, yet challenges to growing the CHW workforce remain. Our findings highlight the need for continued role definition of the CHW workforce, as well as the need to establish more sustainable sources of funding to ensure the continuity and expansion of this health equity-enhancing workforce.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelCommunity Health WorkersAdultFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicIowaMaleMiddle AgedProfessional RoleQualitative ResearchCommunity health workersHealthcare teamIowaMixed methodsScope of practice

Identifiers

PMID40089724
PMCPMC11910000

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.