Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40089534›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Bioorganic fertilizers from agricultural waste enhance rice growth under saline soil conditions.

Nuntavun Riddech, Piyada Theerakulpisut, Yen Nhi Ma, Pornrapee Sarin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Valorization of Turnip Greens (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nuntavun RiddechSalt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. nunrid@kku.ac.th.
Piyada TheerakulpisutSalt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Yen Nhi MaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Pornrapee SarinDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.

Funding

the Senior Research Scholar Project of Prof. Dr. Piyada Theerakulpisut (Project no. NRCT813/2563). Project no. NRCT813/2563
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Agricultural waste (AW) presents significant environmental challenges if not effectively managed. Recycling AW as bio-organic fertilizers (BIOs) offers a sustainable solution, improving soil health, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, and stimulating crop growth. This study investigated the effectiveness of BIOs generated from AW composted with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), including Enterobacter sp. R24, Bacillus tequilensis P8, and Pseudomonas azotoformans S81. BIOs produced from peanut shell, rice straw, duckweed, and rice bran were applied to rice seedlings under normal and saline (85 mM NaCl) conditions. The results revealed that PGPR-fermented BIOs utilized for only 15-30 days significantly improved seed germination and root length. BIO-duckweed and BIO-peanut proved high in nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium content, thereby increasing total biomass by 188% and 85%, respectively. In non-saline soil, BIO-peanut shell outperformed chemical fertilizers, promoting root growth and chlorophyll content. Additionally, BIO-rice straw gave a 58% reduction in proline levels under saline conditions, indicating stress reduction capacity. BIOs treatments demonstrated significant improvements in both nutrient availability and microbial diversity. Specifically, BIO-peanut shell and BIO-duckweed increased phosphate availability in soil by 143.26%, 13.80% over control soil and 7.23%, 30.69% over chemical treatment, respectively. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis further revealed a noticeable increase in microbial diversity in soils treated with BIOs, which was absent in untreated soil. Indeed, BIO-rice straw promoted the development of five distinct bacterial genera in saline condition, underscoring BIOs' ability to enhance the microbial community structure. The study highlights the potential of BIOs from AW combined with PGPRs to enhance rice growth under extreme salt stress. This sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers enhances soil health by increasing nutrient availability, microbial diversity, and promoting beneficial soil microbes, ultimately improving long-term soil resilience and fertility.

Indexed as

AgricultureFertilizersOryzaSoilGerminationPlant RootsSalinitySoil MicrobiologyFertilizersSoilAgricultural wasteBio-organic fertilizerBIOsPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)

Identifiers

PMID40089534
PMCPMC11910568

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.