ArticleHealth services research2025
Trends in Plan Offerings, Enrollment, and Premiums in Medicare Advantage and Medigap.
Article in Health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Financial Effects of an Out-of-Pocket Cap in Traditional Medicare.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Medicare Advantage Beneficiary Enrollment Decisions Following New Complex Conditions.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Medicare Advantage Enrollment and Total Medicare Program Spending.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExamine trends in Medicare Advantage (MA) and Medigap plan offerings, enrollment, and premiums across state regulatory regimes. STUDY SETTING AND
designWe used national data between 2014 and 2021 on MA and Medigap plan offerings, enrollment, and premiums. Data on Medigap plan offerings and premiums were acquired from Weiss Ratings and matched with county-level data on the Medicare population from 2014 to 2021 Medicare Regional Variation and MA Landscape files. States were classified into three groups based on Medigap regulations: community rating and guaranteed issue states (Connecticut and New York); community rating-only states (Arkansas, Maine, Vermont, and Washington); and no additional Medigap regulation states (remaining states). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION
methodsWe considered only MA plans offering prescription drug coverage. Premiums for Traditional Medicare beneficiaries included Medigap and prescription drug premiums and were calculated using an inflation-adjusted Paasche price index to account for variation across plan types and market segments. PRINCIPAL
findingsBetween 2014 and 2021, Medigap offerings and enrollment were relatively constant, while MA enrollment increased substantially. Medigap offerings were lower and MA offerings were higher in states with community rating and guaranteed issue. Between 2014 and 2021, Medigap premiums increased modestly from $4462 to $4745 in states with no additional Medigap regulations and from $6099 to $6612 in states with community rating and guaranteed issue. MA premiums (increased slightly from $2055 to $2121) in states with no additional Medigap regulations and were similar for other states.
conclusionsDespite modest changes in recent years, Medigap premiums were substantially higher than those of MA. Medigap offerings and enrollment are lower, and premiums are higher, in states with guaranteed issue and community ratings. Nuanced reforms are needed to reduce supplemental insurance costs in Traditional Medicare while preventing adverse selection in Medigap markets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.