ArticleWater science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research2025
Treatment of the spin cycle effluent using electrocoagulation and granular activated carbon.
Article in Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Given the rising demand for freshwater and its limited availability, treating and reusing household wastewater is becoming increasingly crucial. One way to accomplish this is to treat and reuse spin cycle effluent from washing machines. The spin cycle, being the last washing cycle, yields comparatively cleaner effluent, necessitating less intensive treatment, rendering it an attractive target for treatment and reuse. This study presents the first instance of characterizing and treating this effluent. The average values for spin cycle effluent for chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total nitrogen, and orthophosphate were found to be 241.8 ± 88.4 ppm, 36.9 ± 14.3 ppm, 7.2 ± 0.9, 223.4 ± 46.7 μS/cm, 85.9 ± 20.1 NTU, 7.2 ± 3.1 ppm, and 4.6 ± 1.7 ppm, respectively. The treatment study was conducted at a 2-L scale using aluminum electrodes in a bipolar setup and utilized three liquid and three solid detergents. The treatment process consisted of sequential utilization of electrocoagulation flocculation and granular activated carbon which resulted in excellent treatment, with a 92.7 ± 3.6% reduction in chemical oxygen demand, an 87.2 ± 9.7% reduction in total nitrogen, a 91.4 ± 2.9% reduction in orthophosphate, and a 93.3 ± 4.7% reduction in turbidity. Utilizing the reuse potential of the spin cycle effluent with this process will allow households to actively contribute to sustainable water management practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40087961What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.