ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
The global, regional, and national burdens of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections and trends from 1990 to 2021 and future trend predictions: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incidence and risk factors for postpartum infections: A Norwegian cohort study, 2012-2020.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Immunology of pregnancy and sepsis: shared and specific pathways guiding future precision care.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Global burden of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2050: risk factors and trends.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Analysis of Disease Burden and Future Trend Prediction for Iron Deficiency-Induced Abortion and Miscarriage in BRICS Countries.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Global burden of ovarian cancer attributable to high BMI, 1990-2021: spatiotemporal trends, risk factors, frontier analysis, and projections to 2036 based on GBD 2021 study.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, deaths, and dalys from 1990 to 2021 with projections and dietary risk factors to 2036.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Global burden of chronic kidney disease due to hypertension (1990-2021): a systematic analysis of epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2036 from the GBD 2021 study.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in maternal hemorrhage, 1992-2021: a hierarchical cluster and age-period-cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and projections to 2036.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Global burden of cancer attributable to high BMI (1990-2031): a multidimensional analysis based on GBD and Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Trends in the disease burden of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections attributable to iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021 and its projection until 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- High BMI-attributable female-specific cancers: a comprehensive analysis of the global disease burden and trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundMaternal sepsis and other maternal infections (MSMIs) significantly contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing critical challenges due to their rapid progression and severe outcomes.
methodsData from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, covering 204 countries and territories, were used to evaluate the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of MSMI. Statistical methods included joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort analysis, decomposition analysis, frontier analysis, and ARIMA model forecasting.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, global MSMI incidence decreased from 22.45 million to 19.05 million, with the age-standardized rate (ASR) dropping from 764.03 (95% UI: 573.01-970.54) to 494.19 (95% UI: 377.34-623.90) per 100,000 people. High-SDI regions saw significant reductions, while low-SDI regions experienced increases. Women aged 20-24 consistently had the highest incidence, death, and DALYs. Iron deficiency was a significant risk factor, especially in lower SDI regions. Decomposition analysis showed that epidemiological changes and population growth were major drivers, particularly in low-SDI regions. Age-period-cohort analysis revealed women aged 20-29 as the most vulnerable, with notable improvements after 2000 and progressively decreasing risks in younger cohorts. Frontier analysis revealed that higher-SDI countries had greater improvement potential. ARIMA forecasting suggests continued declines in MSMI cases and ASR through 2040.
conclusionsWhile significant progress has been made globally, challenges persist, including rising incidence in low-SDI regions, vulnerability of women aged 20-29, and the impact of iron deficiency. Efforts to address these and improve healthcare infrastructure are critical to further reduce MSMI and enhance maternal health outcomes.
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