Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40087581›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2025

Is caregiver burden associated with sex and gender-related characteristics? A large-scale survey study among family caregivers of people with dementia.

M L A de Graaff, I van der Heide, J J D J M Rademakers, I G M van Valkengoed, A L Francke, A Woonink, F M Bijnsdorp

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Factors influencing the caregiver burden on primary family caregivers of stroke survivors: a scoping review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Personal and Family Perspectives Regarding Neurodegenerative Disorder Risk.Journal of community medicine & public health · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

M L A de GraaffNivel. Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands. m.degraaff@nivel.nl.
I van der HeideNivel. Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
J J D J M RademakersNivel. Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
I G M van ValkengoedDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
A L FranckeNivel. Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
A Woonink, Alzheimer Netherlands, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
F M BijnsdorpNivel. Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Funding

ZonMw Verankering van sekse- en genderonderzoek in dementiezorg
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association between the sex of family caregivers and their perceived care burden has been examined thoroughly. The role of sex- and gender-related characteristics of these caregivers in this association remains unknown. We therefore explored the extent to which various gender-related characteristics of caregivers and the sex of people with dementia explain or affect the association between sex of caregivers and their perceived care burden.

methodsData were derived from a large-scale survey among Dutch family caregivers of people with dementia in 2022 (N = 3067). Both linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess mediation of gender-related caregiver characteristics in the association between the sex of the caregiver and the perceived care burden. These characteristics included: hours per week spent on caregiving, being the primary caregiver, relationship with the person with dementia and perceived difficulty in combining daily activities with caregiving. Linear regression analyses were used to assess moderation of the sex of the person with dementia in the association between the sex of the caregiver and the perceived care burden.

resultsFemale caregivers perceived a greater care burden than male caregivers. This association was partly explained by female caregivers more often perceiving difficulty of combining daily activities with caregiving than male caregivers. Male caregivers perceived a slightly greater care burden when caring for a female than when caring for a male. The perceived care burden of female caregivers was not related to the sex of the person with dementia. DISCUSSION: This study highlights how gender-related aspects of family caregiving can contribute to sex differences in perceived care burden. The findings imply that it is important to take gender-related aspects of caregiving into account when developing or offering caregiver support, as support needs differ between male and female caregivers.

Indexed as

Caregiver BurdenCaregiversCost of IllnessDementiaSex CharacteristicsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsSex FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesCaregiverCaregivingDementiaFamily careGenderInformal careSex

Identifiers

PMID40087581
PMCPMC11908074

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.