Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40086903›Full record

Observational studyInternational psychogeriatrics2025

Associations of depressive symptoms and cortisol with cognitive performance among memory clinic patients.

Dickson Olusegun Adedeji, Jasper Holleman, Lena Johansson, Ingemar Kåreholt, Malin Aspö, Göran Hagman, Ulrika Akenine, Marieclaire Overton, Alina Solomon, Miia Kivipelto and 2 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in International psychogeriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Stress, stress systems, and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Dickson Olusegun AdedejiPsychiatric Clinic, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jasper HollemanDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lena JohanssonInstitute of Health and Care Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Addiction Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ingemar KåreholtDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Malin AspöDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Göran HagmanDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ulrika AkenineDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Marieclaire OvertonDivision of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Alina SolomonDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Miia KivipeltoDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Shireen SindiDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Simona F SacuiuDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: simona.sacuiu@ki.se.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTest the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive performance and that cortisol levels may explain this association independently of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarker levels.

designLongitudinal observational study.

settingMemory clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

participantsConsecutive patients (n = 162) who agreed to take part in the Cortisol and Stress in AD (Co-STAR) study during 2014-2017 and had data available for variables of interest. MEASUREMENTS: Participants rated their depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and collected diurnal salivary cortisol samples at home. Cognitive performance was assessed by standardized cognitive tests in the following domains: memory, working memory, processing speed, perceptual reasoning, and general cognitive function. Dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) were diagnosed as part of the clinical work-up. We determined the associations between GDS and cognitive domain scores using linear regressions, including cortisol levels as covariates. We also tested if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and tau proteins modified these associations.

resultsThe GDS score was negatively associated with performance in working memory and processing speed, independently of cortisol levels. These associations were no longer significant after introducing AD biomarkers as covariates. Baseline GDS score was not associated with change in memory or processing speed at follow-up.

conclusionsThe underlying amyloid pathology may affect the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in memory clinic patients.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitionCognitive DysfunctionDepressionHydrocortisoneAgedAged, 80 and overAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMemory, Short-TermMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsAmyloid beta-Peptidesamyloid beta-protein (1-42)BiomarkersHydrocortisonePeptide Fragmentstau ProteinsCognitionCortisol levelsCo-STAR studyDepressive symptomsGDS

Identifiers

PMID40086903
PMCPMC7617257

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.