ArticleScience advances2025
Monolithically integrated solid-state vertical organic electrochemical transistors switching between neuromorphic and logic functions.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Neuromorphic Bioelectronics: Materials and Manufacturing Technologies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Ion-Exchange-Driven Ternary Organic Neuromorphic Devices with High Efficiency and Stability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gate Metal-Driven Sensing and Memory Bifunctionality in Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Soft Neuromorphic Systems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Battery-Inspired Electrochemical Synapses for Neuromorphic Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Ion-backbone accessibility enables unity doping efficiency in organic electrochemical transistors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ion Compensation-Assisted Photolithography Enables High-Resolution Electrolytes for Neuromorphic Transistors.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- InRSC advances · 2026Article
- A mechano-gated ionic diode enables low-power synaptic tactile spiking.Science advances · 2025Article
- Microfabricated Organic Electrochemical Transistors Enabled by Printing and Laser Ablation.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Manipulating the ionic-electronic coupling in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offers opportunities for interesting phenomena and advanced applications but has not been systematically exploited. Here, we develop monolithically integrated solid-state vertical OECTs to fully explore polyelectrolyte's strengths, enabling the OECTs to switch between neuromorphic and logic functions. This transition capability is achieved by mastering the complex transport of large-size polycations within the channel through well-designed drain electrodes. Frame drains positioned atop the organic channel act as ion barriers, regulating the penetration and relaxation of polycations. This regulation allows our multilevel synaptic OECTs to transform from short-term depression (STD) to STD-based long-term memory, and eventually to long-term depression (LTD). Conversely, placing frame drains beneath the channel exposes the polyelectrolyte fully, hence yielding high-density logic OECTs, which have been successfully used to construct unipolar integrated circuits such as NOT, NAND, and NOR gates. These achievements represent a substantial advancement in manipulating polyelectrolyte-based ionic-electronic interactions, introducing more possibilities beyond small ion-based OECTs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.