Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40085708›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Spraying of water microdroplets forms luminescence and causes chemical reactions in surrounding gas.

Yifan Meng, Yu Xia, Jinheng Xu, Richard N Zare

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
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  9. Review
  10. Droplet-on-demand mass spectrometry reveals curvature-dependent interfacial reactivity in aqueous microdroplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Recent Advances in Reactive Microdroplets for Clean Water and Energy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
  12. Unveiling ignis fatuus: Microlightning between microbubbles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. The diversity of exoplanetary environments and the search for signs of life beyond Earth.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Peeling tape produces strong electric fields via stick-slip friction that drive chemical reactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. A Source of the MysteriousACS central science · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yifan MengDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6897-3595
Yu XiaDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7647-4921
Jinheng XuDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1187-5389
Richard N ZareDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5266-4253

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When neutral water is sprayed, oppositely charged microdroplets are formed. The close approach of oppositely charged microdroplets causes an electrical discharge and leads to luminescent emission. The light emission happens without any external voltage applied, and the electrical discharge is sufficiently energetic to excite, dissociate, or ionize surrounding neutral gas molecules. Thus, sprayed water microdroplets cause chemical reactions to occur. Similar findings to the Urey-Miller experiment were observed by spraying room temperature water microdroplets into a gas mixture containing nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, which leads to the synthesis of organic molecules containing carbon-nitrogen (C─N) bonds. These observations provide another explanation for unique reactivity at the gas-water interface, as well as a possible mechanism for making the building blocks of life on early Earth.

Identifiers

PMID40085708
PMCPMC11908502

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.