Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40084869›Full record

ArticleClinical oral implants research2025

Artificial Intelligence Versus Human Intelligence in Presurgical Implant Planning: A Preclinical Validation.

Bahaaeldeen M Elgarba, Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele, Xijin Du, Sorana Mureșanu, Mihai Tarce, Jan Meeus, Reinhilde Jacobs

Abstract readValidation StudyComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral implants research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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  10. [Assistance and breakthrough of digitalization and intelligent digitalization in implant restoration of edentulous jaws].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Bahaaeldeen M ElgarbaOMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-4936-6567
Rocharles Cavalcante FonteneleOMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-6426-9768
Xijin DuOMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Sorana MureșanuOMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Mihai TarceDivision of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Jan MeeusDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UZ Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.
Reinhilde JacobsOMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt GM01-2020VLAIO
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo validate an innovative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated virtual implant placement by comparing its accuracy, implant dimension selection, time efficiency, and consistency with a human intelligence (HI)-based approach for single posterior tooth replacement. MATERIALS AND

methodsA dataset of 50 time-matched cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scans with a single missing posterior mandibular tooth was selected to validate a pre-trained AI model for virtual implant placement against a HI-based approach. A quantitative comparison of implant location and implant dimension selection was conducted between AI and HI, and a qualitative three-dimensional evaluation was conducted by three implant dentistry specialists using a visual analog scale and a Turing test to assess and distinguish between AI and HI. Additionally, time consumption and consistency were evaluated.

resultsExperts found that approximately 89% of AI-planned and 93% of HI-planned implants were clinically acceptable, with the planning method unidentifiable in 58% of AI cases. AI selected implant dimensions of 11.7 mm (1.3) in length and 4.0 mm (0.3) in diameter, close to experts' selections of 11.5 mm (1.3) and 4.2 mm (0.4). AI was over twice as fast, reducing planning time to 187 s (34) compared to 406 s (68) for HI (p < 0.0001), and demonstrated high consistency with a median surface deviation (MSD) of zero, while intra- and inter-operator MSDs were 0.33 mm (0.14) and 0.56 mm (0.34), respectively (p < 0.0001).

conclusionsArtificial intelligence is reliable for virtual implant placement in missing mandibular (pre)molars, producing clinically acceptable plans comparable to human experts while operating faster and much more consistently than implant clinicians.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDental Implantation, EndosseousDental Implants, Single-ToothPatient Care PlanningSurgery, Computer-AssistedCone-Beam Computed TomographyHumansImaging, Three-Dimensional3D imagingartificial intelligencecone‐beam computed tomographydental implantimplant dentistryjawmolar toothpreoperative implant planning

Identifiers

PMID40084869
PMCPMC12230891

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.