Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40084756›Full record

ArticleRadiation research2025

Preparations for Ultra-High Dose Rate 25-90 MeV Electron Radiation Experiments with a Compact, High-Peak-Current, X-band Linear Accelerator.

Haytham H Effarah, Trevor Reutershan, Michael W L Seggebruch, Martin Algots, Alexander Amador, Janet Baulch, Olivia G G Drayson, Frederic V Hartemann, Yoonwoo Hwang, Agnese Lagzda and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Radiation research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Haytham H EffarahDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.
Trevor ReutershanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.
Michael W L SeggebruchDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.
Martin AlgotsLumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, 92617 California.
Alexander AmadorLumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, 92617 California.
Janet BaulchDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.
Olivia G G DraysonDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.
Frederic V HartemannLumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, 92617 California.
Yoonwoo HwangLumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, 92617 California.
Agnese LagzdaLumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, 92617 California.
Ferenc RaksiLumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, 92617 California.
Charles L LimoliDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.
Christopher P J BartyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697 California.

Funding

Project 4: Mechanistic Basics of FLASH Effect: Role of O2P01CA244091 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LIMOLI, CHARLES · 2020 to 2024
$9.6M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA244091
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Distributed Charge Compton Source (DCCS) developed by Lumitron Technologies, Inc. has produced a 25-MeV electron beam with 1.7-nC macrobunches at a 100-Hz repetition rate from a compact, high-gradient X-band (11.424 GHz) accelerator. The DCCS is currently being commissioned to produce 100-MeV-class electrons, well within the very high energy electron (VHEE) energy regime, with macrobunch charges of up to 25 nC at repetition rates up to 400 Hz. The DCCS is also designed to produce imaging X rays through Laser Compton scattering. This work aims to describe the preparations for the first dosimetry experimental campaign using this accelerator system at energies ranging from 25 MeV to 90 MeV through hardware development and Monte Carlo (TOPAS) simulation studies. A significant goal of these preparations is to configure the machine so that it can be used to both image with X rays and subsequently treat with VHEEs without movement of the animal model under study. At ultra-high dose rates, this X-ray image-guided electron source could be used to investigate dose-rate dependent differential sparing of normal and malignant biological tissue, known as the FLASH effect. An indium-tin-oxide-coated, 100-μm-thick diamond window was obtained and installed in a custom flange assembly to act as the electron/X-ray vacuum exit window. Simulations at 25 MeV suggest that a scattering foil and collimator can shape the output of the accelerator to produce a 12-mm-diameter, flat-field, circular beam with a 1.7-nC macrobunch charge. This corresponds to an entrance dose of 10 Gy in less than 100 ms. These initial results highly motivate an experimental campaign toward investigating VHEE FLASH using the DCCS at Lumitron Technologies, Inc.

Indexed as

ElectronsParticle AcceleratorsRadiation DosageEquipment DesignMonte Carlo MethodRadiometryX-Rays

Identifiers

PMID40084756
PMCPMC12922569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.