ArticleJournal of interpersonal violence2026
General Outcomes of Bystander Action Scale: Factor Structure and Utility in Predicting Future Bystander Behaviors.
Article in Journal of interpersonal violence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Many universities have implemented bystander training programs to prevent relationship violence and sexual assault. Such programs encourage students to engage in behaviors to prevent interpersonal violence (i.e., bystander behaviors) if they witness situations that seem likely to escalate to violence. Bystander behaviors, however, often result in consequences, both positive and negative, for those who engage in them. Measures of consequences of bystander behaviors are starting to appear in the literature, but there is limited psychometric information for these measures. The current study examined psychometric properties of the General Outcomes of Bystander Actions Scale (GOBAS) by (a) attempting to replicate the original two-factor structure of the scale and (b) evaluating its criterion validity by examining its relation to future bystander behaviors. First-year undergraduate students (
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