Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40084404›Full record

ArticleAnatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)2026

Modularity and integration of the neural arch and vertebral centrum in primates.

Catalina I Villamil, Emily R Middleton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Catalina I VillamilLaboratory of Primate Morphology, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8115-0112
Emily R MiddletonDepartment of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Funding

Translational Science InitiativeP40OD012217 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI CARLOS A SARIOL · 2012 to 2026
$40.4M
American Association for AnatomyLeakey FoundationNew York UniversityNIH HHS P40 OD012217Wenner-Gren Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The vertebral column consists of multiple homologous elements that have specialized within and between taxa and serve important functions in positional support and as protection for the central nervous system. The study of modularity and integration provides new insights into the evolution of complex structures such as the vertebral column. Patterns of modularity and integration may reflect underlying genetic-developmental patterns and facilitate evolution. Previous studies have identified mixed modularity patterns within and between elements across mammals generally, within primates and carnivorans. Here, we assess modularity within and between elements in the complete post-axial vertebral column in four catarrhine taxa: Macaca (n = 96), Hylobates (n = 77), Pan (n = 92), and Homo (n = 151). We use the Covariance Ratio (CR) to estimate r

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionPrimatesSpineAnimalsaxial skeletonbody sizecatarrhinecovariance ratiovertebral column

Identifiers

PMID40084404
PMCPMC13630420

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.