ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025
Relative Age Effects and contextual factors in male Spanish youth football: a 10-year cross sectional analysis of U12 to U16 players.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The Relative Age Effects (RAEs) are complex, multifactorial phenomena influenced by individual (e.g., maturity status), task-related (e.g., field position or competitive level), and environmental (e.g., coaches' expectations) factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between RAEs and the maturity status, field position, competitive level and coaches' expectations within a sample of 1,120 young male Spanish football players [mean age: 13.72 ± 1.40 years; weight: 54.09 ± 11.85 kg; height: 162.11 ± 11.38 cm; years from peak height velocity (PHV): -0.22 ± 1.44], across tree age categories (U12, U14 and U16). Methods: Data was collected over 10 years (2014-2024), considering the maturity status, estimated using the Mirwald et al. (2002) formula. Physical performance was assessed through tests for strength (1RM), power, speed (30-m sprint), agility ( Results: A Chi-square ( Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of strong RAEs over the past decade in youth football players from U12 to U16. Individual and environmental factors, such as advanced maturity status, the intensified selection processes at higher competitive levels, an increased physical performance and higher coaches' efficacy expectations, may contribute to RAEs in a complex and interdependent manner.
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