Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40083113›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025

Glycemic control is worse in rural compared to urban type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh, irrespective of food security status.

Md Kamruzzaman, Michael Horowitz, Muhammad Shafiqur Rahman, Harshal Deshmukh, Karen L Jones, Chinmay S Marathe

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Md KamruzzamanAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-2182
Michael HorowitzAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Muhammad Shafiqur RahmanNational Health Care Network (An Associated Organization of BIRDEM), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Harshal DeshmukhJames Cook University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Karen L JonesAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Chinmay S MaratheAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFood insecurity (FIS) affects around 25% of Bangladesh's population, and data from developed nations report higher FIS rates among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), potentially worsening glycemic control. The importance of FIS to T2D has not been studied in developing countries such as Bangladesh, with substantial disparities in healthcare access, especially between rural and urban areas. We evaluated the relationships between food insecurity and glycemic control in the context of area of residence among individuals with T2D in Bangladesh.

methodsA total of 849 individuals with T2D attending diabetes clinics in four districts of Bangladesh completed a validated questionnaire to assess the FIS (a score ≥ 3 is indicative of FIS), which was compared with their sociodemographic and biochemical data. Two-way anova and multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

resultsBoth HbA1c levels (10.8% vs 9.5, P < 0.001) and the prevalence of FIS (45.8% vs 31.4%, P < 0.001) were higher in rural areas. According to two-way anova (0.87-1.78% mean difference, P < 0.05) and multiple linear regression model (β = 1.4, P < 0.001), HbA1c levels were also higher among rural than urban dwellers, irrespective of their FIS status. Rural dwellers were also more than twice as likely to have suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%; AOR: 2.26 (1.35-3.97), P < 0.05), irrespective of their food security status (AOR: 1.19 (0.78-1.84, P > 0.05)).

conclusionsIn Bangladesh, rural residence is associated with poor glycemic control, irrespective of food security status, and thus is an important social determinant of diabetes care that warrants further exploration.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Food InsecurityFood SecurityGlycemic ControlRural PopulationUrban PopulationAdultAgedBangladeshBlood GlucoseCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanFood InsecurityGlycemic controlLiving area

Identifiers

PMID40083113
PMCPMC12131938

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.