ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2025
Sex chromosomes and gonads modify microglial-mediated pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neonatal estradiol influences regional gene expression for early sex-specific inflammatory responses in the 5xFAD mouse model.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Peripheral and Central miRNA Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease: Tissue-Specific Variability, Sex-Associated Differences, and Implications for Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of sex differences on microglial function in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Review
- The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: early detection, microbial metabolites, mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Nutritional substrates and microglial metabolic fitness in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease: from lipid handling to TREM2-linked translation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The complement cascade in Alzheimer's disease: modern implications of an ancient immune protagonist.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Targeting Microglial Activation to Modulate Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Prenatal Microglial Activation and Its Sex Differences in the Development of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Influence of biological sex on neuroinflammatory dynamics in the aging brain.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder disproportionally affecting women with sex-specific disease manifestations and therapeutic responses. Microglial-mediated inflammation occurs in response to and perpetuates disease processes, and fundamental sex differences in microglia may contribute to these sex biases. Both sex chromosomes and gonad-derived hormones shape immune responses, but their contribution to immune-mediated mechanisms underlying the sex bias in AD is unclear. Crossing the Four Core Genotype (FCG) model to separate sex chromosome and gonad-derived hormone effects to the 5xFAD model, we found the sex chromosome complement impacted microgliosis, neuroinflammation, plaque burden and neuritic dystrophy. Modification of pathology largely correlated with microgliosis, and sex chromosomes and gonad-derived hormones influenced plaque remodeling and microglial CD11c expression. Our results provide potential trajectories for studying and targeting microglial-mediated sex differences and emphasize the complex interplay between sex chromosomes and hormones during AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.