Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40082946›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2025

Development and validation of a school satisfaction scale for medical students.

Huiying Zhuang, Honglin Zhao, Ye Wang, Chang He, Jingbo Zhai, Bin Wang

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Huiying ZhuangInstitute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 South Street, Beijing, Dongzhimen, 100700, People's Republic of China.
Honglin ZhaoInner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 1472 Holin He Street, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, 028000, People's Republic of China.
Ye WangInner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 1472 Holin He Street, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, 028000, People's Republic of China.
Chang HeInstitute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 South Street, Beijing, Dongzhimen, 100700, People's Republic of China.
Jingbo ZhaiInner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 1472 Holin He Street, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, 028000, People's Republic of China. zhaijingbo0475@126.com.
Bin WangInstitute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 South Street, Beijing, Dongzhimen, 100700, People's Republic of China. wangbin135@139.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThere is currently no widely accepted multidimensional School Satisfaction Scale (SSS) for Chinese medical students. To develop and validate the first SSS specifically for medical students in China. Our research sample is from China. This study was conducted in two parts: the first focused on scale development, validity and reliability verification, while the second focused on the analysis of factors influencing school satisfaction.

methodsThe study was conducted in four stages: (a) item generation (a literature review; a pilot test, n = 35; two rounds of the Delphi method, n = 12); (b) exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability measure, n = 237; (c) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), n = 446; (d) test-retest reliability, n = 100; predictive validity, n = 290; measurement invariance, n = 444. The content validity was evaluated with Pearson correlation coefficients. Medical students (n = 897) completed a cross-sectional survey.

resultsFifteen questions and four SSS dimensions, including learning satisfaction, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, teaching satisfaction, and service satisfaction. The entire SSS has good reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.916) and validity (0.673-0.783). Logistic regression predictive effects of learning, interpersonal, teaching and service on school satisfaction. And the model has invariance at different majors (p > 0.05).

conclusionThis study demonstrated that the SSS has good validity and reliability and is a reliable tool for assessing medical students' school satisfaction in China.

Indexed as

Personal SatisfactionSchools, MedicalStudents, MedicalAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDelphi TechniqueFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultInfluencing factorsSchool satisfactionStatistics and research methodsStudents with medical-related majors

Identifiers

PMID40082946
PMCPMC11907946

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.