ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2025
The role of the immune system in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, challenges and future directions.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Trained immunity in inflammatory bone disease: a bibliometric and literature-level text-mining analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy based on dose-response and safety of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Nanoimmunomodulation for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis: reprogramming the inflammatory joint microenvironment.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel platform maintains cartilage-synovium homeostasis for enhanced osteoarthritis therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in osteoarthritis: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Virtual single-cell perturbation and genetic causal inference revealJournal of cell communication and signaling · 2026Article
- Purinergic signaling in osteoarthritis: Mechanistic insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- The Osteoimmunologic Basis of Biologic and Bioengineered Therapies in Osteoarthritis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Links Underlying the Comorbidity of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis: Cell Fate Plasticity Driven by the Subchondral Bone Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The complexity of pain in osteoarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Smart Nanodelivery Systems for Immunometabolic Modulation in Osteoarthritis.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Synergistic targeting of senolytic and senomorphic action with dual-engineered biomimetic macrophage nanovesicles for mitigating osteoarthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- The gut-joint axis in osteoarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Osteoclast Heterogeneity in Osteoarthritis: From Single-Cell Microenvironments to Program-Specific Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Methylation regulatory networks in osteoarthritis: mechanisms and targeted therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Subchondral bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection improves clinical outcomes and reduces bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis: 12-month retrospective analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Cellular Products with Anti-Inflammatory Properties for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Acupuncture on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that has long been considered a simple wear-and-tear condition. Over the past decade, research has revealed that various inflammatory features of OA, such as low-grade peripheral inflammation and synovitis, contribute substantially to the pathophysiology of the disease. Technological advances in the past 5 years have revealed a large diversity of innate and adaptive immune cells in the joints, particularly in the synovium and infrapatellar fat pad. Notably, the presence of synovial lymphoid structures, circulating autoantibodies and alterations in memory T cell and B cell populations have been documented in OA. These data indicate a potential contribution of self-reactivity to the disease pathogenesis, blurring the often narrow and inaccurate line between chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The diverse immune changes associated with OA pathogenesis can vary across disease phenotypes, and a better characterization of their underlying molecular endotypes will be key to stratifying patients, designing novel therapeutic approaches and ultimately ameliorating treatment allocation. Furthermore, examining both articular and systemic alterations, including changes in the gut-joint axis and microbial dysbiosis, could open up novel avenues for OA management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40082724What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.