Trial reportNature metabolism2025
Short-term effects of high-protein, lower-carbohydrate ultra-processed foods on human energy balance.
Trial report in Nature metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Changes in Ultra-Processed Food Intake During a Single-Arm Behavioral Weight Management Intervention: A Secondary Analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Eating rate has sustained effects on energy intake from ultraprocessed diets: a 2-week ad libitum dietary randomized controlled crossover trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Protein Decoys, Alcohol, and Energy Intake: Testing a Mechanistic-Ecological Model.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Nutritional Characteristics of Foods With Addictive Potential: A Machine-Learning Approach.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- The Purpose of Food Processing and Ultra-Processed Food: the Potential, Pitfalls and Path Forward for Public Health.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk: from evidence to policy.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-term high-protein diet intake accelerates adipocyte senescence through macrophage CD38-mediated NADMolecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed food exposure and health outcomes: Current evidence, controversies, and future perspectives.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Type 2 Diabetes and the Multifaceted Gut-X Axes.Nutrients · 2025Review
- More protein in ultra-processed foods: no shortcut to eating less.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- A Food-First Prescription for Cognitive Longevity.Missouri medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Protein-enriched ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are generally perceived as a healthy and favourable dietary choice for weight management. However, compared with low-processed foods, the consumption of UPFs has been demonstrated to result in overfeeding and gains in body weight and fat mass. Here we investigate the short-term effects of protein-enriched UPFs on energy intake and energy balance in a single-blind crossover trial involving 21 healthy young adults, who were randomly assigned to 2 UPF diets for 54 hours in a whole-room calorimeter. Participants received either a high-protein (30%) and lower-carbohydrate (29%) diet (HPLC-UPF) or a normal-protein (13%) and normal-carbohydrate (46%) diet (NPNC-UPF). Meals were equally palatable, matched for calories, fat and fibre, and consumed ad libitum. As primary outcomes, compared with NPNC-UPF consumption, the HPLC-UPF diet resulted in a higher energy expenditure (128 ± 98 kcal d
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.