Pattern change of precipitation extremes in Svalbard.

Besides global attention on extreme precipitation, a limited research has been done in the Arctic due to constraints of data availability. In this backdrop, we attempt to analyze extreme precipitation events at three Arctic stations (Bjørnøya, Ny-Ålesund, and Svalbard Lufthavn) in Svalbard using extreme value theory. The analysis revealed that these high-latitudinal Arctic stations were characterized by heavy-tailed distributions for the exceedances, suggesting a higher probability of the occurrence of extreme precipitation events. Ny-Ålesund and Bjørnøya have exhibited a significant increase in return values over the last three decades. Among the three stations, Ny-Ålesund displayed the strongest return values, especially in winter post-1994 when the atmospheric temperature was characterized by an enhanced positive trend. Significant seasonal variability in return values has also been observed; the fall in Ny-Ålesund was characterized by a low-intensity regime as indicated by the shape parameter. Ny-Ålesund precipitation had shifted from heavy-tailed distribution in pre-1994 to bounded tail distribution post-1994 during spring. Bjørnøya's extremes are driven by cyclonic circulation, while southerly winds drive extremes in Ny-Ålesund and Svalbard Lufthavn. Even though, Svalbard Lufthavn, displayed regime changes, showed low variability, likely due to its position in a rain shadow region. This research highlights the nuanced responses of Arctic hydrology to warming, emphasizing the need for localized studies and active collaboration with policymakers to translate these insights into effective climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.