ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2025
Human Cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) - California, September-December 2024.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Reported Modes of Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) to Humans: A Scoping Review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Mammary Gland Tropism and Milk-Mediated Transmission of H5N1 in Dairy Cattle: Implications for One Health Surveillance.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Multimodal Data Approaches for Examining the 2024-2025 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in the United States: Descriptive Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- A bivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine confers broad-spectrum protection against both homologous and heterologous H5/H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in SPF chickens.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus RNA in Bovine Semen, California, USA, 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human infections with avian influenza A(H5) viruses with potential pandemic risk: 1997-2025.National science review · 2026Article
- Development and Qualification of a Pseudotyped Virus-Based Microneutralisation Assay for Influenza D Virus.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- From molecular evolution to the school health room: the role of community-based public health nurses (helsesykepleiere) in one health communication on cross-species influenza transmission in Norway.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Activating laboratory surveillance response to the threat of H5N1 influenza in the Veterans Health Administration, 2024-25.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- One confirmed and one potential human case of influenza A(H5N1) detected through an expanded subtyping protocol.ASM case reports · 2026Article
- Expanding Horizons: Host Range Evolution and Treatment Strategies for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H7N9.Viruses · 2025Review
- Effect of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines on Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Ferrets.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Recent advances in avian influenza virus: Molecular pathogenesis, emerging strains, and next-generation therapeutics.World journal of virology · 2025Review
- Update on Ophthalmic Implications of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Toward diagnostic preparedness: detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in contrived nasal swab specimens using rapid antigen and point-of-care molecular tests.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- A Review of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure Patterns and Risks Among Occupational Populations.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in the United States: recent incursions and spillover to cattle.Npj viruses · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
48 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Persons who work closely with dairy cows, poultry, or other animals with suspected or confirmed infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses are at increased risk for infection. In September 2024, the California Department of Public Health was notified of the first human case of HPAI A(H5N1) in California through monitoring of workers on farms with infected cows. During September 30-December 24, 2024, a total of 38 persons received positive test results for HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in California; 37 were dairy farm workers with occupational exposure to sick cows, and one was a child aged <18 years with an undetermined exposure, the first pediatric HPAI A(H5N1) case reported in the United States. All patients had mild illness. The identification of cases associated with occupational exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) viruses on dairy farms highlights the continued risk for persons who work with infected animals. The pediatric case was identified through routine surveillance. Given recent increases in the prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses among some animal populations, public health agencies should continue to investigate cases of HPAI A(H5N1) in humans as part of control measures, pandemic preparedness, to identify concerning genetic changes, and to prevent and detect potential human-to-human transmission of the virus. To date, no human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus has been identified in the United States.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.