Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40080376›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Content on Internal Medicine Fellowship Programs' Webpages.

Forrest Bohler, Christian J Santiago, Ava Harvey, Darrys Reese, Nikhil D Aggarwal, Allison R Garden, Lily Bohler, Tonya Bailey

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Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Forrest BohlerOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. forrestbohler@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0002-9963-2213
Christian J SantiagoOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
Ava HarveyOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
Darrys ReeseSchool of Medicine, University of CA - Irvine, 1001 Health Science Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Nikhil D AggarwalOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
Allison R GardenEdward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus, 350 Howard St, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA.
Lily BohlerMontana State University, Culbertson Hall, 100, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
Tonya BaileyOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOne way in which graduate medical programs can attract a diverse applicant pool is through the utilization of their program's website to display their diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives to prospective trainees. Given that internal medicine subspecialists makeup a significant percentage of our country's practicing physicians, a diverse physician workforce within these fields of medicine is imperative.

objectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and type of DEI content on prominent internal medicine subspecialty fellowship webpages.

methodsOne thousand five hundred twenty-three fellowship programs' websites were analyzed utilizing a standardized scoring system for five separate DEI criteria across nine internal medicine subspecialities during October 2023. Programs were evaluated for the presence of the following criteria: (1) fellowship-associated DEI webpage, (2) DEI commitment statement, (3) DEI initiatives (summer research opportunities for URiM individuals, DEI council, etc.), (4) link to the institution's DEI homepage, and (5) information about bias training.

resultsOf the 1523 program websites analyzed, 57.3% had no DEI content on their webpages. Of those that did, a link to the institution's DEI homepage was the most prevalent factor (35.3). On average, endocrinology fellowship program websites had the most DEI content, whereas gastroenterology fellowship program websites had the least.

conclusionThe results of this study demonstrate an overwhelming lack of DEI content across all internal medicine subspecialty training programs' webpages. These findings are relevant to fellowship program leadership as they represent an actionable area of improvement within the realm of DEI to improve representation among different groups at training programs.

Indexed as

Cultural DiversityFellowships and ScholarshipsInternal MedicineInternetEducation, Medical, GraduateHumansDiversity, equity & inclusionGraduate medical educationInternal medicineRecruitment strategies

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.