Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40080137›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2025

Evaluation of surrogate endpoints in phase III randomized control trials of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Ke Jiang, Miaowen Liu, Xiao Zhao, Shutong Wang, Yunyan Ling, Liangliang Qiao, Jianfei Tu, Zhenwei Peng

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Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ke Jiang *Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Miaowen Liu *Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Xiao Zhao *Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Shutong Wang *Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Yunyan Ling *Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Liangliang QiaoDepartment of Interventional Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
Jianfei TuCancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China. jianfei1133@163.com.
Zhenwei PengDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China. pzhenw@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Funding

National high level talents special support plan- "Ten thousand plan"-Young top-notch talent support program 2019National Natural Science Foundation of China 82072029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeOverall survival (OS) is recommended as a gold standard endpoint but has some limitations. We aimed to finding more effective surrogate endpoints for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

methodsThree online databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) on HCC, published between January 2015 and July 2023, that evaluated ICIs and reported progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and OS. The correlation between the potential surrogate endpoints and OS was evaluated at the trial, arm, and patient levels. The prediction models were validated in single-arm or non-RCTs. Individual data were collected from a real-world (RW) cohort with advanced HCC underwent ICI monotherapy at three tertiary medical centers in China.

resultsTen RCTs (6023 participants) with 11 comparisons were included. PFS had a moderately significant association with OS (R

conclusionPFS are recommended as surrogate markers in patients with advanced HCC treated with ICI monotherapy.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLiver NeoplasmsClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicHumansProgression-Free SurvivalRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsAdvanced hepatocellular carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsOverall survivalSurrogate endpoint

Identifiers

PMID40080137

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.