ArticleAnnals of medicine2025
Effects of esketamine infusion on tourniquet-induced hypertension in patients undergoing below-knee orthopedic surgery: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of ciprofol-assisted sedation on tourniquet-related responses in foot and ankle surgery: a randomized clinical trial.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionApplication of a tourniquet reduces surgical bleeding while causing pain and tourniquet-induced hypertension (TIH). Deeper anesthesia and additional opioids are often insufficient to mitigate TIH but are associated with prolonged recovery and complications. Herein, we describe the protocol for a clinical trial investigating whether intraoperative esketamine infusion would reduce the rate of TIH during below-knee orthopedic surgery. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial will include a total of 80 adults scheduled for below-knee orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. Patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either esketamine infusion at 0.25 mg/kg/h or normal saline infusion after anesthesia induction and during tourniquet inflation. Both groups will receive ultrasound-guided unilateral popliteal sciatic nerve block and adductor canal block with 0.25% ropivacaine. The primary outcome is the occurrence of TIH, defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure >30% of baseline during tourniquet inflation. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of hypotension during surgery; intraoperative hemodynamic changes; intraoperative opioid dose and total amount of esmolol; postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and mental side effects; postoperative pain at 1, 6, 12, and 48 h after surgery; postoperative analgesic consumption within 48 h after surgery; and length of postoperative hospital stay. Additionally, we will assess patients' quality of recovery at 24 h after surgery. DISCUSSION: This trial will determine the effects of esketamine infusion on TIH in patients who undergo below-knee orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. Our results will offer a new insight into optimizing anesthetic care for surgical patients receiving tourniquet.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400081237).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.